Why do many athletes use rituals, some based in religion, before competitions?

Many athletes use rituals, including those with religious significance, before competitions primarily to help them cope with the uncertainty involved in sports competition. The competitive environment can be highly unpredictable, with numerous factors such as opponent performance, injuries, weather conditions, and even individual mental states playing a significant role in the outcome of any event.

Rituals provide a sense of control and stability in the face of this uncertainty. Engaging in specific routines or spiritual practices can help athletes focus their minds and reduce anxiety, thereby enhancing their performance. The repetition of these rituals can create a psychological buffer, allowing athletes to concentrate better and feel more prepared, which is crucial for optimal performance.

While other motivations such as impressing fans, obeying team traditions, or gaining physical strength may play a role in some athletes' behaviors, the primary function of these rituals lies in managing the stresses and uncertainties tied to competition. This psychological aspect is significant in a sport environment where mental resilience can be just as crucial as physical capabilities.