When do fundamentalist movements in all religions typically arise?

Fundamentalist movements in all religions often arise in response to perceived moral threats to a previous way of life. This phenomenon occurs during times of significant social change, cultural upheaval, or perceived loss of traditional values and norms. People who feel their beliefs, customs, and societal structures are being challenged or undermined may rally around a fundamentalist ideology as a means of preservation, reaffirmation, or return to what they consider 'true' values.

This reaction is often fueled by feelings of insecurity or fear regarding the influences of modernity, globalization, or other societal transformations that are viewed as detrimental to their way of life. In this context, individuals and communities may cling to their religious doctrines more fervently in order to maintain identity and coherence in the face of perceived moral decline or external pressures.

The other options do not align as closely with the emergence of fundamentalist movements. While prosperity or strong community support can influence various social dynamics, they are not direct triggers for fundamentalism. Similarly, technological advancement might offer avenues for new ideas to flourish but does not inherently lead to fundamentalist responses; instead, it may exacerbate feelings of threat in certain contexts, motivating movement toward fundamentalist beliefs.